This paper focuses on a specific type of “impersonal expression” in Old Persian (Skjærvø 2009: 106), the so-called mām kāma construction. Its meaning is ‘I desire’ and it is very similar to an Ancient Greek construction using the noun χρεώ (χρειώ) ‘need, necessity’. Both constructions are relatively scarce. It is worth noting that these constructions have several characteristics in common, which were noted only in part by R.G. Kent (1946). From a semantic perspective in particular, both expressions are experiential predications characterized by a low degree of transitivity. It is also significant that they have an identical basic structure, involving the same elements in the same (fixed) order: a) an accusative (generally a personal pronoun), which encodes the experiencer having the wish or the need; b) a nominative noun, the ‘wish’ in Old Persian and ‘need’ in Homeric Greek; c) the third singular form, mostly regarding the verb ‘to be’ that is either expressed or implied. It will be shown that both the Old Persian and the Ancient Greek expressions have the same function and are part of a similar process of grammaticalization in the formation of fixed formulas made up of invariable items, and with a modal function. Finally, a diachronic perspective reveals that both constructions disappear in the later stages of the languages in which they belong. In particular, the mām kāma construction is partially replaced by a lexical verb kām- in middle Iranian languages.
Il presente contributo prende in esame un tipo specifico di "espressione impersonale" (Skjærvø 2009: 106) del persiano antico: la costruzione chiamata "mām kāma", che significa ‘io desidero’. Questa struttura è molto simile a una costruzione del greco antico nella quale è coinvolto il sostantivo χρεώ (χρειώ) ‘bisogno, necessità’. Entrambe le costruzioni, attestate piuttosto raramente, condividono numerose caratteristiche, sia a livello formale sia semantico, che in parte sono state già notate dal Kent (1946). In questo lavoro sarà dimostrato che le due costruzioni hanno anche la stessa funzione e sono coinvolte in un processo di grammaticalizzazione che porterà alla formazione di strutture 'fisse' con funzione di modale. Infine, in una prospettiva diacronica, si noterà che entrambe le costruzioni scompariranno nelle fasi linguistiche successive. In particolare, nelle varietà medio iraniche, la costruzione "mām kāma" sarà in parte rimpiazzata dal verbo kām-, in parte mantenuta, per poi scoparire definitivamente nel neopersiano.
Tracce di grammaticalizzazione nel persiano antico. Lo strano caso di mām kāma / Pompeo, Flavia. - STAMPA. - (2018), pp. 237-257. - BIBLIOTECA DI RICERCHE LINGUISTICHE E FILOLOGICHE.
Tracce di grammaticalizzazione nel persiano antico. Lo strano caso di mām kāma
Pompeo, Flavia
2018
Abstract
This paper focuses on a specific type of “impersonal expression” in Old Persian (Skjærvø 2009: 106), the so-called mām kāma construction. Its meaning is ‘I desire’ and it is very similar to an Ancient Greek construction using the noun χρεώ (χρειώ) ‘need, necessity’. Both constructions are relatively scarce. It is worth noting that these constructions have several characteristics in common, which were noted only in part by R.G. Kent (1946). From a semantic perspective in particular, both expressions are experiential predications characterized by a low degree of transitivity. It is also significant that they have an identical basic structure, involving the same elements in the same (fixed) order: a) an accusative (generally a personal pronoun), which encodes the experiencer having the wish or the need; b) a nominative noun, the ‘wish’ in Old Persian and ‘need’ in Homeric Greek; c) the third singular form, mostly regarding the verb ‘to be’ that is either expressed or implied. It will be shown that both the Old Persian and the Ancient Greek expressions have the same function and are part of a similar process of grammaticalization in the formation of fixed formulas made up of invariable items, and with a modal function. Finally, a diachronic perspective reveals that both constructions disappear in the later stages of the languages in which they belong. In particular, the mām kāma construction is partially replaced by a lexical verb kām- in middle Iranian languages.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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