Italian pensions from vices to challenges. Assessing actuarial multi-pillarization twenty years later

In the next section we present in more detail the architecture of the Italian pension system before the Great Recession and the main reforms adopted during the “crisis”. The third section addresses the main pension challenges after the latest wave of reform by focusing on the three analytical dimensions mentioned above. The fourth section analyses both pension politics and governance after two decades of reforms, with a special focus on the challenges for the trade unions and their constituencies in the novel pension arenas. The fifth section concludes.