Haemodynamic Monitoring During Anaesthesia

Growing complexity of surgical and anaesthetic procedures requires a careful evaluation of the pre-operative patient status and an accurate intra-operative hae-modynamic monitoring, considering the progressive increase of fragile and elderly population undergoing surgical procedures.There are no doubts that intraoperative monitoring of heart rate, body tempera-ture, pulse oximetry, end-tidal CO2, depth of sedation (complicated to assess objec-tively through reliable tools), depth of neuromuscular blockade, systemic invasive and non-invasive blood pressure have led to increased safety in the operating room. However, anaesthesiologist’s interpretation of these parameters is of great importance.